隨著中國電動汽車銷量的大幅增長，有預測報告稱，鋰離子動力電池市場(chang)正(zheng)進入黃金期，到2017年，動(dong)(dong)力(li)電池(chi)產業規模(mo)將暴增(zeng)至目前的400%。如此跨(kua)越式的規模(mo)增(zeng)長之下，電池(chi)的質量成了(le)不(bu)可回避的技(ji)術(shu)點。近期，北京市發(fa)文對車輛和動(dong)(dong)力(li)電池(chi)質保作(zuo)了(le)調整(zheng)，其中對動(dong)(dong)力(li)電池(chi)等關鍵零部件提(ti)供不(bu)低于5年或(huo)10萬公里的質保，調整(zheng)為提(ti)供不(bu)低于8年或(huo)12萬公里的質保。

我(wo)國(guo)動力電(dian)池延長壽(shou)命 技術突破成關鍵

上(shang)海同北京(jing)一樣作為(wei)全(quan)國領先新能源汽車(che)推廣(guang)示范城市，也在(zai)考量提高動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用(yong)期(qi)限，綜合目前各(ge)車(che)企(qi)的(de)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池質保服務標準來看，動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般能運行5年(nian)10萬公里。如何突(tu)破技術瓶頸，延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命是當(dang)下(xia)各(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池生產(chan)企(qi)業共同面對的(de)課題。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)瓶(ping)頸在于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，只有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)動(dong)力問題(ti)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)了，其(qi)他問題(ti)都能(neng)迎刃而解(jie)(jie)。在目前技術條件下(xia)，改變(bian)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命的(de)不錯選擇。業(ye)內人士指出，目前宣(xuan)傳(chuan)的(de)8年(nian)質保(bao)，其(qi)實(shi)并(bing)不一定能(neng)夠實(shi)現。汽車(che)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在生產(chan)過程中由于生產(chan)工藝的(de)差(cha)(cha)異，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組內的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)單(dan)體(ti)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)也存在些許差(cha)(cha)別。隨著(zhu)時間地推移，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組內的(de)單(dan)體(ti)差(cha)(cha)異會逐步擴大，最(zui)(zui)終(zhong)會影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)快(kuai)速衰(shuai)減。而不同的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是影(ying)響單(dan)體(ti)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和(he)使用(yong)壽命的(de)重要(yao)因(yin)素，合適的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式不僅能(neng)夠最(zui)(zui)大限度的(de)發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量，而且可以延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)壽命。

我國(guo)動(dong)力電池延長壽命 技術(shu)突破成(cheng)關鍵

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長，續(xu)航里(li)程短(duan)是當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車備受詬病。為此采取的(de)大倍率(lv)快充(chong)方式雖然解(jie)決了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時長的(de)問題(ti)，但其實嚴(yan)重影響鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用(yong)壽命。一味地追求快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，進行大倍率(lv)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，容易出現(xian)高溫、過充(chong)等異(yi)常情(qing)況甚至引發(fa)危險。而采取“先柔后(hou)勁(jing)”的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所能承受的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流之(zhi)下，并監測環境、溫度、溫差，主(zhu)動維(wei)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)健康狀態，都有助于延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命，降低安全風險。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命的(de)方法之一，但不是根本上(shang)(shang)的(de)解決方案。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命和(he)穩定性(xing)的(de)提高(gao)還需從技(ji)(ji)術(shu)上(shang)(shang)取得突破。針對于我國現(xian)(xian)狀，動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)從生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)層面來說，我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)企業在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)研(yan)發能力(li)上(shang)(shang)都落后于世界水平(ping)。新(xin)能源汽(qi)車的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)達到7.6萬(wan)輛(liang)，同比增幅達到2.5倍。新(xin)能源汽(qi)車的(de)配(pei)套動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現(xian)(xian)大量(liang)(liang)缺口，再加上(shang)(shang)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)行業壁(bi)壘較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)，導(dao)致(zhi)大批技(ji)(ji)術(shu)含量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)企業投入(ru)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，最后造成國內低(di)(di)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能過剩、高(gao)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)市場空白的(de)局面。此(ci)外，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)含量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能量(liang)(liang)密(mi)度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)，這(zhe)就影響(xiang)了新(xin)能源汽(qi)車的(de)續航里程(cheng)，若生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)同樣容量(liang)(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重量(liang)(liang)將超過日韓企電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重量(liang)(liang)，這(zhe)又將影響(xiang)新(xin)能源汽(qi)車的(de)輕量(liang)(liang)化發展。

另外，我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)池行業(ye)內(nei)缺乏(fa)統一(yi)的(de)生產(chan)標(biao)準，各家電(dian)(dian)池企(qi)業(ye)生產(chan)的(de)動力電(dian)(dian)池通用(yong)性很(hen)差，無法達(da)到標(biao)準化(hua)、規模化(hua)生產(chan)，也加(jia)大了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)池設(she)計的(de)工作(zuo)量。由于沒(mei)有統一(yi)行業(ye)標(biao)準，各企(qi)業(ye)生產(chan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)性能相去甚大。上游缺乏(fa)標(biao)準，無法標(biao)準化(hua)，這(zhe)就直接(jie)導致了(le)(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁呈現出了(le)(le)較大差異，也成為了(le)(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)難的(de)原因之一(yi)。統一(yi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池標(biao)準將有助于規范(fan)電(dian)(dian)池行業(ye)，有助于節約(yue)人力物力成本，將資源(yuan)更多地投(tou)入到電(dian)(dian)池的(de)研發和生產(chan)工藝的(de)改(gai)進上來。

我國(guo)動力電池延長(chang)壽(shou)命(ming) 技術突破(po)成關鍵

一邊(bian)是國家對電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)支(zhi)持(chi)力(li)(li)度不(bu)斷加(jia)碼，動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)面(mian)臨難得的(de)發展(zhan)機遇。另一邊(bian)卻由于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)續(xu)航能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、安全性(xing)等障礙遲遲未能(neng)(neng)突破。與國際相比，中(zhong)國在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)方面(mian)存在(zai)很(hen)多(duo)問題。一方面(mian)，中(zhong)國先(xian)進材料(liao)和機理研(yan)究較(jiao)差，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)結構(gou)設計技術先(xian)進性(xing)較(jiao)低(di)，另一方面(mian)，自動(dong)(dong)(dong)化程度較(jiao)低(di)，精工藝(yi)的(de)開發能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)也較(jiao)弱。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統(tong)并不(bu)是只要(yao)將單體組合即可，其(qi)實是一項很(hen)復雜的(de)技術。另外，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需的(de)高端材料(liao)供給尚不(bu)足，一致性(xing)、良品率、安全性(xing)、可靠性(xing)、產品性(xing)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)完全滿(man)足市場要(yao)求，企業創新(xin)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)總體不(bu)強，優勢產能(neng)(neng)不(bu)足。